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Exploration
Activities |
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Currently
168 blocks are being explored and operated by both national
and multinational companies under the PSC agreement. Twenty-seven
(27) blocks are producing, while 141 are still at various
stages of exploration, evaluation and well rehabilitation.
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PSC
signing contract in the period 1991-2000
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Exploration
Drilling |
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Exploration
well drilling in the period of 1991 through 2000 fluctuated
from year to year. In 1991, 138 wells were drilled, and
these decreased to 124 wells in 1992. In 1993, they increased
to 136 wells and sharply decreased to 78 wells in 1994.
In 1996 the number increased again to 22 wells but decreased
in 1997 to 11 wells. In 1998, the number sharply increased
again to 145 wells and then decreased to 82 wells in 2000.
The number of exploration wells drilled in the period
1991 – 2000 was 1081 wells or 108 wells per year on average,
with the success rate of 52%.
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PSC’s Exploratory Wells Drilling and Success Ratio in
the period of 1991-2000
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Geophysical
Investigation
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Generally
speaking, the seismic survey activity conducted in Indonesia
(by PSC's and Pertamina) showed a decrease, particularly
in connection with the condition and situation in Indonesia.
Seismic survey conducted by Pertamina and the Production
Sharing Contracts in 1991 – 2000 period totaled 1,104,062
kms. Active seismic survey in Indonesia began in the late
60’s. Over the past eight years 2D and 3D seismic acquisitions
averaged to 25,266 line kilometers and 4,393 square kilometers
per-year respectively. |
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Seismic
surveys conducted during the period of 1991-2000
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As
an incentive to persuade investors to move to unexplored,
remote and deep-water areas, the Government has decided
to promote the area by providing speculative survey data.
The Government has supported a geophysical survey company
in several parts of Indonesia water.
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Exploration
strategy to relatively mature areas has been successfully
performed through the implementation of speculative 3D
that can accurately determine drillable prospect. Since
3D survey solely conducted by a single company is very
costly, the Government supports survey activities that
are conducted through multi-client scheme.
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Through
the speculative 3D survey the operators can smartly determine
more accurate location in a wildcat drilling and reduce
finding cost. Ideally, the speculative 3D should cover
broad areas covering both part of active PSC working acreage
and open acreage in order to minimize unit cost.
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In
the bidding of new acreage, with 3D data provided from
the above acquisition, the awarded operator will be provided
an incentive through recovery of the 3D data licensing
cost. From a study of the petroleum system in the frontier
area assisted by 3D seismic, drillable prospect could
be identified within a relatively short time. During the
last 5 years, total speculative 2D seismic survey are
62,415.31 Km and 3D seismic are 16,209.98 Km2, spread
out in 24 offshore locations. |
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Distribution
of Speculative Survey in Indonesia
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Oil
and Gas Resources |
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The
status of the Indonesia's oil and gas resources as of
1 January 1999 was estimated at 125.72 BBO and 288.84
TCFG for Risk Reduced Resources (RRR) and 38.44 BBO and
214.39 TCFG for Ultimate Recovery Resources (URR), respectively.
These resources are hosted in sixty Tertiary sedimentary
basins, covering an area of more than two millions square
kilometers. So far there are only thirty six basins that
have been explored in more detail. The hydrocarbon reserves
are found largely in the Western part of Indonesia where
most exploration activities have taken place.
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Hydrocarbon
resources in Indonesia in the period 1991-2000
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Oil
and Gas Reserves |
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Indonesia’s
oil reserves are approximately 9.6 billion barrels. At
an average production rate of 1.41 million barrels of
oil per day (MMB/D) in 2000, Indonesia’s production of
crude oil and condensate continued a gradual decline from
1.55 MMB/D in 1999 and 1.56 MMB/D in 1998. The Government’s
revised 2002 draft budget assumes 2002 crude oil production
of 1.23 MMB/D, down from a revised 2001 figure of 1.46
MMB/D. With substantial reserves of natural gas and coal,
Indonesia could remain a net energy exporter for a longer
period than current forecasts. To do so, the government
must implement legislation and policies that will rationalize
use of Indonesia’s energy resources. Energy policy reform
would prolong Indonesia’s status as a net oil exporter
and enhance efficient use of energy resources.
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Oil
Reserves
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Gas
Reserves
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